Sustainable Tourism Essay Example

The Cattle Industrys Effect on our Environment Essay -- Beef Environ

The Cattle Industry's Effect on our Environment Before I started my exploration, I kept away from meat for wellbeing reasons. During my lesser year of secondary school, I improved my eating routine away from my family’s very hamburger loaded eating routine into a more heart-solid, Mediterranean-style one. My incredible granddad began a progressive meat organization in San Francisco, CA which later moved to Marysville, CA called DPM. The vast majority of my family, including my dad, worked in this organization and its butcher shop for a long time before it was inevitably offered to a worldwide enterprise. Obviously, my more distant family has a solid love and enthusiasm for quality meat and cooking it is a huge piece of our continuous family parties. I should constantly shield my decision to not eat hamburger, and despite the fact that it has been numerous years since I initially settled on this choice, huge numbers of them regularly appear to â€Å"forget† while picking a menu. Since I quit eating meat, I have been i ncreasingly inspired by other related issues, for example, the hormones and anti-toxins we give our cows, just as the connection to this nation’s gigantic heftiness issue. I met a companion while I was living in Italy named Caitlyn who didn't eat meat, principally in light of the effect it was having on agribusiness, and the techniques utilized in delivering it. She let me know quickly of her reasons, yet never expounded with me; since the time then I have had a waiting interest to do my own exploration and reach my own decisions. At the point when I initially started my examination, I was aware of a considerable lot of the issues with anti-infection agents and hormones that we give our steers, and didn't concur with them. As science major, I have found out about this pattern in school. Anti-toxin opposition is an enormous issue; there are as of now numerous contaminations that whil... ...tions of supplements in a large number of the yields. Natural cultivating today is nearer to the manner in which cultivating was in the times of old, with privately disapproved of individuals worried about their community’s wellbeing and manageability. On the off chance that you need to improve our condition, purchase grass-took care of unfenced hamburger and â€Å"Go Organic!† Works Cited Cheeke, Peter R. Contemporary Issues in Animal Agriculture, Third Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2004. 155-181. Goodall, Jane. Collect for Hope. New York: Warner Books, 2005. 66-96. Harper, Charles L., Bryan F. Le Beau. Food, Society, and Environment. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. 162-201. Lappe, Frances Moore. â€Å"Diet for a Small Planet.† Composing a Civic Life. Eds. Michael Berndt and Amy Muse. New York: Pearson Longman, 2007. 454-459. Wallace, Scott. â€Å"Last of the Amazon.† National Geographic Jan 2007: 40-71.

Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children

Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children GAD Print Understanding Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 08, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 01, 2019 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes and Risk Factors Treatment Coping Skills Tips for Parents/Caregivers View All A certain amount of anxiety is a normal part of a child’s healthy development. Brief separation anxiety, fears of the dark, strangers,  loud noises, or storms are all common worries children may experience as they grow and mature. However, if your child starts to experience more consistent anxiety across a range of topics and areas of their life, such as around school, friends, family, health, and sports, it may be time to consider exploring if they struggle with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).?? As a parent or caregiver, dont let the possibility alarm you. Once you seek help, and if appropriate receive a diagnosis, youre bringing your child one step closer to an improved quality of life. Verywell / JR Bee Prevalence Approximately 15-20% of youth in the general population struggle with anxiety disorders.?? Among children with ADHD, the rate appears to be even higher. As with adults who experience Generalized Anxiety Disorder, female children are twice as likely as their male peers to be diagnosed with GAD. Symptoms and Diagnosis Children with generalized anxiety experience excessive, unrealistic worry and fear about everyday things. They often anticipate disaster or worst-case scenarios. They may also experience restlessness, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, fatigue, difficulty swallowing, a need for frequent urination, stomach aches, and sleep difficulties.?? The tension and stress are chronic and debilitating, affecting multiple areas of the childs life. Just getting through the day can be a struggle. A child may recognize their anxiety is exaggerated and still experience great difficulty controlling or managing it. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (5th edition), often referred to as the DSM-5, outlines specific criteria to be met in order to be properly diagnosed with GAD. For one, symptoms need to be experienced for at least six months in order to be appropriately diagnosed. To make sure that your child is properly diagnosed and cared for most effectively, it is best to have a trained mental health provider to assess your child. There are providers who work specifically with children and adolescents and those who are also trained in working with anxiety disorders. Causes and Risk Factors There is no singular identified cause of generalized anxiety disorder in children or adults. A variety of factors can influence the development and onset of GAD, including genetic predisposition, family dynamics, life experiences, and neurobiological factors.   Children who have experienced challenging life situations or maltreatment may be at greater risk for developing GAD.?? These experiences can leave children feeling uncertain of people and their surroundings, unsafe and out of control of their environment. It is common for people of all ages who have been through experiences of challenge, loss, humiliation or abandonment to feel anxious in future situations of uncertainty and children are no different. Puberty can bring on additional stressors and feelings of self-consciousness that can add to feelings of anxiety.?? Frustrations and repeated difficulties in social relationships and school performance can lead to increased anxiety about being embarrassed in front of peers, as well as fears about letting down parents or teachers. Though these feelings are all normal, if they dont subside with time and, instead, escalate or begin to interfere with your childs daily activities, there may be more cause for concern. Treatment Treatment plans for GAD in children and adolescents are tailored based on their unique situation. There are a variety of options to choose from. Counseling Psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic interventions are important in the treatment of GAD in children and adolescents. Counseling offers children a place to share their worries without fear of judgment, rejection, or feeling dismissed.?? Through the process, a trained mental health clinician will help your child with things such as: Openly sharing thoughts and feelingsIdentifying fears and worriesDeveloping positive self-talk to help reduce anxietyIncreasing coping skills like socialization, physical activity, and self-assuranceDeveloping and using relaxation techniques As a caregiver, you and your family will likely be asked to participate in your childs treatment. The counseling professional will often use this time to help educate parents about generalized anxiety disorder, suggest helpful techniques and to allow time for the family to process together some of the childs anxious thoughts and feelings in an effective, healthy way. Medication For situations when a childs anxiety is mild to moderate in terms of the severity and the impact the symptoms are having on daily living, medication may not be necessary. When the anxiety symptoms are moderate to severe, your provider may begin to educate you and your family about options for medication to help control symptoms.?? Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, also referred to as SSRIs, tend to be the more commonly prescribed medications prescribed for children and adolescents with anxiety. SSRIs include medications such as: Prozac (fluoxetine)Celexa (citalopram)Zoloft (sertraline)Lexapro (escitalopram) As with all medications, prescriptions used to treat anxiety have risks. Your childs physician or psychiatrist will prescribe them if they believe the benefits outweigh those risks. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs Coping Skills There are a variety of coping techniques that children and teens can use to help ease the uncomfortable symptoms of anxiety, socially, behaviorally, and emotionally. Learning what works well for your child is key. You may want to suggest the following ideas and allow your child, depending on age, to choose which ones they would like to try first. Let them know that it is time to explore what works well for them. If a technique doesnt seem to be helping after a period of time, that is okay. Giving them the freedom to let you know what is helping and what doesnt seem to be helping can be beneficial and help to minimize stress. Slowing Down Mindfulness, prayer, relaxation, and breathing exercises are all practices that can help slow down your childs anxious thoughts and emotional responses.?? Anxiety keeps us focused on the what ifs of the future and can rob us of the opportunity to live in the present. Slowing the process down with intentional and peaceful action can be helpful. There are a variety of mindfulness exercises, prayers, meditations, progressive relaxation, and breathing exercises available. Social Connection Anxiety can make children and teens want to isolate from peers and family members. Help your child feel safe to connect with others, offering opportunities to be with family and enjoy each others company by playing games, spending time outdoors together or finding a common interest or hobby. Volunteering in the community can be another wonderful way to help your child stay connected to others. Allow them to explore and identify something they feel passionate about and help them seek out related opportunities in the community to help. Self-Care Sleep routines, eating habits, and physical activity all contribute to your childs well-being.?? Your child might struggle in a certain area like sleep or physical activity, especially if they experience restlessness, muscle tension or fatigue due to their anxiety. Helping your child create a plan of self-care can improve their ability to cope with anxiety and learn to effectively manage stress. Tips for Parents/Caregivers A first step in helping your child manage and overcome anxiety is recognizing it and sometimes this can be difficult. Children struggling with GAD can sometimes be quiet, shy, and cautious. They may be very compliant and eager to please adults. On the other hand, an anxious child may act out with tantrums, crying, avoidance, and disobedience. These behaviors may be misinterpreted as oppositional and difficult when they are actually anxiety related. As a caregiver, it is important to be aware of some of the ways severe anxiety can show up in children. With increased understanding of generalized anxiety disorder, you will be better able to intervene early and find the necessary help. Early intervention and treatment can make a world of difference for your child and can prevent further complications around the anxiety. If you have concerns or questions about possible symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in your child, be sure to talk with your pediatrician or trained mental health professional.

Middle Ages Essay - 712 Words

Middle Ages The history of the modern world derives from thousands of years of human history. Embedded in its history are the many eras of man which have constructed our modern learning, art, beliefs, and order. The middle ages, although represented as â€Å"dark†, backwards, and idle, were in fact a bridge linking the classical and modern world. Medieval society may not have been in a sense glorious, but the era of itself was a prime foundation of the modern world’s newfound stability, a revival of the law and teachings from the classical era, a reinvestment and reform in the church, and a precursor to the golden age of art. The government of the middle ages, as convoluted and variable as it was, ended up giving way to a powerful†¦show more content†¦AS revolutionary as the transition was to the feudal system, the practice proved to be efficient in the modern world. The influence of universities and merchants, as seen, changed the kingdom. Medieval universities were first formed in the 12th century AD after a need for educated public officials became evident. Schools like the Law School at Bologna as well as medical schools gave towns lawyers, judges and capable local officials. Other schools like the University of Paris taught scholars literature and theology. The breed of Renaissance thinking was most likely developed in such places. Scholars like Peter Abelard and Thomas Aquinas led an interest in the study of classical Greek and Roman philosophy. This interest, along with challenged perspectives of the time eventually led to modern science. Guilds, as afore-mentioned, were monopolistic practices over certain trades set by merchants. They virtually eliminated competition and ensured quality. Compared to Renaissance art, and Shakespearean and Elizabethan literature the precursor saw little. However, works like Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales were popular, and the Gothic architectural style laid a foundation for many cathedrals and buildings. It is still a dominant facade in today’s world and was relished in modern Western Europe. A powerful education system and study of art are necessary for society’s to flourish and carry it’s roots into the next era;Show MoreRelatedThe Middle Ages : The Age Of The Middle Ages830 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages The middle ages are described as 1,000-year period. The 1,000 years are marked from the moment Costantine, the Roman Emperor, made Christianity an official religion of the empire. People saw the middle ages as an â€Å"in between† period in time. The phrase â€Å"Middle Ages† to describe Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Historians usually divide the Middle Ages into three smaller periods called the Early Middle Ages, the HighRead MoreThe Middle Ages1747 Words   |  7 PagesLuiz Gustavo Machado Mrs. Phillips British Literature 6 January 2016 The English Middle Ages The middle ages (1066-1485) is known as the Dark ages for representing cultural and economic deterioration following the decline of the exuberant Roman Empire. However, a variety of important events that took place in that period, mainly in England, helped shape society as we know it today. Feudalism was created in the middle ages with the king at the top of military, political, and economic hierarchy, noblesRead MoreThe Middle Ages Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesEmblem of the Middle Ages The Middle Ages was an era of invasions. It was a dark time in England and across Europe. Where Islam was taking over, the crusades had to take action against that and spread Christianity instead. Values and beliefs were driven from the church. On the other hand, Feudalism, which stands for â€Å"the power of the land† was taking over. All these incidents and more inspired the poets and writers to create literature that expressed what was happening in the Middle Ages. One of theseRead MoreThe Middle Ages And Medieval Ages1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Middle Ages or Medieval Ages is the time period in Europe between the fall of Rome and the beginning of the Renaissance (History). For this paper it will be referred to as the Middle Ages. This time is also sometimes described as the Dark Ages by some because of some of the bad events that happened and because they say nothing of importance came out of the time period. It is true Rome fell, there were many wars which caused many to die, a shortage of food that caused many to die and an awfulRead MoreThe Decline Of The Middle Ages1506 Words   |  7 Pages The Middle Ages is a medieval time period in Western Europe that lasted from 500 to 1500 C.E. The Middle Ages began as a result from the collapse of the Roman Empire which began in 31 BCE, and fell in 476 C.E. In around 300 C.E. the emperor of the Rome divided the land for easier control. This began the decline of Rome. The Western half of Rome fell to Barbarian invaders, while the eastern half lived on as the Byzantine Empire. The Early Middle Ages began shortly after the western half fell. AfterRead MoreThe Clergy in the Middle Ages513 Words   |  2 Pagesin the Middle Ages In the Middle Ages, there was a force of almost unlimited power and influence. This was an organization that could define morality. It is greatly influential even today. This was the Clergy, it is more commonly known as the Catholic Church. The Clergy was already powerful before the fall of Rome, but in the Middle ages, it’s importance multiplied exponentially. This massive growth was caused mainly by feudalism. The Clergy of today is very strong, but in the Middle Ages it wasRead MoreThe Decline Of The Middle Ages1392 Words   |  6 Pages The Middle Ages was a period that lasted for over 1000 years, beginning in 400 CE and ending in 1500 CE. This era is known as the period of time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The medieval era is split up into three sections; early Middle Ages (400-900 CE), High Middle Ages (900-1250 CE) and the late Middle Ages (1250-1500 CE). Medieval Europe was a time of key advancement in society and a period where a distinct cultural unit emerged. This was influenced by differentRead MoreMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesMiddle Ages as the Age of Faith The Middle Ages is often referred to as the Age of Faith and it is correct to do so, as during this period religion dominated all aspects of life from architecture, literature, art and music. The dominant religion during this period was Christianity. The middle ages saw the emergence #8230; of Christian literary forms#8230; a popular religious culture centred around processions, icons, and relics (George Holmes 42). The crusades were wars fought in theRead MoreThe Middle Ages And The Renaissance1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Middle Ages is thought to be a time period of obliviousness by many historians, where diminutive or no developments took place. The church was the focus of attention, and rather than a logical outlook of the world, beliefs were concentrated around fallacies; on the other hand, the resurgence of education and innovations that followed the Middle Ages and was branded as the Renaissance. There have been disagreements as to whether the Renaissance is actually a isolated time period, or instead, justRead MoreChristianity And The Middle Ages1376 Words   |  6 Pages Christianity during the middle ages had to overcome many people and to need to evolve in order to grow as fast as its leading religion which was islamic faith. When the religion was in its prime of evolving it need to become a stable and function community which during war it felt very unlike to. So as Christianity began to grow many followers and believers had to lose their lives because others didn’t agree with them. Since Christianity is one of the most dominant religion containing more than

Florence, Italy And Italy - 1188 Words

â€Å"Florence, Italy is located in the Tuscany section of Italy with an area of thirty-nine square miles. In 2006, there were 366,488 people residing within Florence s city limits, while the Metropolitan Area of Florence, Prato, and Pistoia, was home to about 1.5 million people. In the five years between 2002 and 2007, the population of Florence grew by 3.22 percent, while Italy as a whole grew by 3.56 percent. As of 2006, 90.45 percent of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group, which came from other European countries (mostly from Albania and Romania), constituted 3.52 percent, East Asia (mostly Han Chinese and Filipino made up 2.17 percent, the Americas 1.41 percent, and North Africa] (mostly Moroccan) 0.9 percent. Florentine (Fiorentino), spoken by inhabitants of Florence and its environs, is a Tuscan dialect and an immediate parent language to modern Italian.† Italy is one of the stronger nations in Europe. It is a boot-shaped peninsula on the southern corner of Europe and is slightly larger than the state of Arizona. Italy also controls the two large islands Sicily and Sardinia. The concept of a unified Italy is one that has come to blossom in recent years. The state of Italy was first organized as a constitutional monarchy under King Victor Emmanuel II in 1861, and Rome joining in 1870. In 1922, the Fascist party led Mussolini, began to take control over the country Italy, eventually leading to a tremendous defeat in World War II. The modern ItalianShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Alps1579 Words   |  7 PagesMediterranean Sea. The peninsula has been named Italy since about 1st century BC. About 700 BC a group of people of unknown origin named the Etruscans was dominant over the Indo-Europeans at this time. Around 500 BC, the Etruscans had gained control over much of Italy. By the 4th century, Rome is gaining power, while the Etruscans are steadily losing it. Jumping ahead to around the 12th century, we see that Florence comes into play. Florence is noted as the powerhouse of the RenaissanceRead MoreRenaissance Art : A New System Of Astronomy, Exploration Of The Natural World1217 Words   |  5 Pagesart. Painting, sculptures, and decorative arts identified with the Renaissance emerged from Italy in the 14th century. Renaissance art is an expression of Greco-Roman traditions, is captured the beauty and mystery of the natural world. The French word â€Å"Renaissance† means â€Å"Rebirth†, it fits because the Renaissance is the rebirth of the Greco-Roman culture. The origins of Renaissance art can be traced to Italy in the 13th and 14th century. This was the â€Å"proto-renaissance†period which got its inspirationRead MoreThe Ugly Renaissance Discussion Of Italy1575 Words   |  7 Pages1. Why did the Renaissance originate in Florence and prosper for so many years? In many ways, Italy had benefits over northern Europe in detaching from the feudal system and accumulating enormous amounts of wealth. I think that above all else, geography was Italy’s anchor in this respect. Being a projecting land mass sticking out into the Mediterranean Sea, and beneficially located between the main part of Europe and the Byzantine Empire, cities within Italy had little choice but to weave endeavorsRead MoreThe Italian Renaissance1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was a time for great cultural change and achievements, which began in Italy approximately during the 13th century and lasted up until the 16th century. It marked the transition between the Dark Ages and Early Modern Europe. The European Renaissance originated in Central Italy, and centered in the city of Florence.i The distinctive characteristics of northern Italian states such as art, literature, philosophy, and culture produced an atmosphere of learning and artistic expressionRe ad MorePolitical Ideas of Niccolo Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, and Thomas Hobbes692 Words   |  3 PagesFrancesco Guicciardini, and Thomas Hobbes during the time of Florence Republic. First, Niccolo Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy in 1469 at a time when the country was in political upheaval. Italy was divided between four dominant city-states, by which each of them was always at the mercy of the continual changing of princes and governments. In Donald Kelleys Version of History, the Medici family had brought a form of stability to Florence, but the golden age of Florentine republic soon declinedRead MoreInfluence Of The Renaissance On Modern Western Society Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesand society in Europe’s historical development were to the two of the most dominant states of renaissance Italy, Florence and Venice. These small city-states were the powerhouses of the time and assisted speeding up the renaissance and helped spur revolutionary developments along the way being the main hubs of influence in the Italian peninsula during the late 13th and early 16th century. Florence could be characterized as a financial centre, with their banking system considered extraordinarily aheadRead MoreThe Late And Post Renaissance1386 Words   |  6 Pagesin power. As the late renaissance ended and the post-renaissance era started, the Corsini family gained power and influence under the Medici. With banks in England, offi ces around Europe, and palazzos in Italy, the family made fast and large steps toward gaining influence and relevance in Italy. While they earned respect on the financial side, they also progressed on the religious side, thus earning them nearly the same amount of power and influence as their Medici counterparts. The Corsini familyRead MoreThe Culture of Tuscany during the Renaissance852 Words   |  3 Pagesarchitecture we use to this day. To further expand on this topic, we must look into additional aspects of Tuscanys culture including geography, work, folkways, and religion. Tuscany is a fairly large region, compared to others in the middle left of Italy. It is surrounded by the Tyrrhenian sea to the southwest, and the Apennines along the northeastern border. Tuscany has a climate of extremes. It has all four seasons, but to extremes. It has very hot summers and fairly cold winters, along with generalRead MoreRenaissance Italian Art : Art And Art Of The Renaissance1572 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween 1400 and 1600. This event began in Italy during the Medieval period and then expanded to the rest of Europe, marking the start of the Modern age. The Renaissance began in Florence Italy in the 14th century. It was a cultural movement that had an enormous impact in Europe during the early modern period. The Renaissance’s influenced politics, science, literature, art, philosophy, religion, music, and other aspects. Around the 13th century in Italy started the Renaissance’s art influence. LeonardoRead MoreThe Rebirth Of Ancient Cultures1462 Word s   |  6 PagesTeresa Fang Professor Moore Humanities 310 25 November 2015 The Rebirth of Ancient Cultures in Renaissance Florence Florence, Italy is known as the â€Å"cradle of the Renaissance† (la culla del Rinascimento). It is a city full of beautiful architecture, art, and history. The Renaissance was a powerful cultural movement that not only shaped all aspects of Florentine life, but eventually the rest of Europe. Science, art, literature, philosophy, religion, architecture, and politics have seen heavy influences

Formal And Informal Assessment And Evaluation Education Essay Free Essays

Appraisal and rating has become critical issues particularly in the field of learning and larning ; it requires alert consideration by every instruction practician in any educational establishment. This is besides the country where many instructors sink into the pool of confusion. But it has its cardinal map, which is to roll up information on the accomplishment of every single pupil and judge their mundane advancement. We will write a custom essay sample on Formal And Informal Assessment And Evaluation Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, it serve critical function in the procedure of effectual instruction and acquisition. Therefore, this essay will explicate my apprehension of appraisal and rating from the positions of development, formal, informal, particular demands, and criterions in brief. However, to make this, we foremost need to specify appraisal and rating. The word appraisal is derived from the Latin word ‘assidere ‘ significance ‘to sit beside ‘ . It is obvious that simple tone of this phrase is comforting, and it suggests common assurance and apprehension. So, it indirectly tells that being of positive association between appraisal and the procedure of instruction and acquisition in schools is necessary. By and big, appraisal is a procedure of roll uping information relation to some identified purposes and aims involved with pupils ‘ advancement and accomplishment in the procedure of instruction and acquisition. More specifically, schoolroom appraisal refers to the procedure of assemblage, entering, construing, utilizing and pass oning information about their advancement and accomplishment during the development of cognition, constructs, accomplishments and attitudes. Harmonizing to Lloyd-Jones and Bray ( 1986 ) appraisal is referred to the procedure in which certain quality of a pupil ‘s instruction is measured, by the instructor, an tester or the pupil. It is means to mensurate worthiness of pupils ‘ public presentation. Assessment, hence, involves much more than proving. It is an on-going procedure that encompasses many formal and informal activities intended to analyze and better instruction and acquisition in all countries of the course of study. On the other manus, rating is more or less defined as the procedure of judging comparative virtue, value, or worthiness of educational plans, or techniques by utilizing realistic information generated through appraisal. It helps in updating the nature and grade of acquisition ; plays polar function in curricular determination devising ; and it favour better links between acquisition, and the purposes and aims of learning. Furthermore, it creates strong bond between larning and the environments in which larning takes topographic point. Therefore, in educational scene, appraisal and rating seeks grounds that the acquisition activities designed for pupils are effectual. Appraisal and Evaluation from the position of development Why do we measure and measure? This is the first inquiry that knocks in my head whenever I look assessment and rating from an angle of development. Generally, instructors plays critical function in developmental appraisal and rating of pupils ‘ acquisition and plans for many grounds: First, appraisal and rating aid instructors and pupil matter decision makers to heighten their apprehension of the demands of a persistently changing pupil population. In add-on, it will assist in placing developmental holds in pupils and to develop schemes for intercession. For that, I would prefer to utilize the construct of incorporate theoretical account of kid development. It is because the theoretical account covers up all developmental countries such as sensory, behavioral, linguistic communication, motor, perceptual, societal cognitive and emotional accomplishments. So it can besides be used to better holistic development of pupils as a pupil, ego, and valuable citizen of the state as it reflects their personality every bit good as their grade of accomplishment in the field of acquisition. Second, appraisal is besides meant to develop efficient educational institutional programs and policies to run into pupils ‘ developmental demands and acquisition manners. They are important for progressing the quality and easy handiness of plans and services. Third, we can non avoid its greatest part in course of study development. Through appraisal and rating, we will be able to assist course of study developers for make up one’s minding how we might better classs and programmes. At the same clip, as a instructor we can lend in making alteration on course of study, class stuffs, learning methodological analysiss, etc. It is because assessment consequences can specially supply a powerful rational for procuring scaffold for course of study alterations, development and reappraisal. Formal and Informal Assessment and Evaluation A formal appraisal is besides sometimes known as summational appraisal. And it is by and large assessed in the signifier of quiz, trial, or paper and is graded based on how good pupil is able to execute. A summational appraisal is usually carried out at the terminal of unit or faculty. Furthermore, formal appraisals are categorized into criterion-referenced trials and norm-referenced trials. Criterion-referencing is assessment based on certain standard or rule, and norm-referencing is graded appraisal based on the comparings of scholars ‘ accomplishment against one another from clip to clip. I prefer more of standard citing method than norm-referencing because it can be used to judge pupils ‘ accomplishment and advancement on a series of cardinal standards set based on moderately expected acquisition results and aims. Whereas, norm-referencing is based on the hypothesis, that a more or less similar scope of human public presentation can be anticipated for any pupil group. On the other manus, Informal appraisal is referred as formative trial, and it is a uninterrupted procedure of appraisal and rating. Feedback plays critical function here as it allows both scholars and instructors to measure acquisition and topographic point out the countries for betterment. But which one could be the best signifier of appraisal, formal or informal? In my sentiment, the usage of informal appraisals is best for the overall acquisition. It facilitate instructors to assess pupils through a scope of classroom-based activities, place pupils failing so and at that place and get down work for the betterment, instead than waiting at the last minute like informal appraisal. Appraisal and Evaluation for particular demands pupils Students ‘ holding jobs such as: motor, lingual, cognitive, behavioral, organisational, address and physical disablements are normally referred as particular needs pupils, and it besides includes talented pupils. They should non be left out without normal instruction. Particular agreements or particular demands adjustments should be offered to them in order to prosecute their academic ends and accomplish a higher degree of personal autonomy. Similarly they besides need to be evaluated and identified their strengths, failings and give guiding rules to do effectual advancement in achieving their academic ends. Other than instructors and equals, pupils ‘ household should affect in it. So, I feel that, by constructing an confederation with their parents ; obtaining pupils ‘ developmental history and current household experience ; and discoursing issues with them would assist greatly for turn toing challenges in steering particular needs pupils to win like other normal pupils. Furthermore, rating will be holistic and addresses all facets of operation. For that we should non bury to take pupils ‘ single acquisition manners into history as all pupils do non hold same learning capableness and ways. Sometimes pupils with particular demands are integrated in regular schoolrooms because the chief thought of appraisal and rating in this field itself is to see whether a pupil is able to accommodate, do advancement and met aims in normal category like normal pupils. Assessment indicates whether the pupil learned the stuffs intended and what are some of the drawbacks countries to be improved. So schools and teacher must give all pupils an equal chance to instruction. Infect, they should supply counteractive aid to particular needs pupils. Never the less, we as a instructor, in order to choose instruction plan and activities suited for our pupils, we must carefully measure our options and see the particular needs of our handicapped pupils. Standards based Assessment and Evaluation Here, it includes two types of educational criterions, a content criterion and a public presentation criterion. A content criterion defines the cognition, constructs, and accomplishments get at each class degree, while public presentation criterion province the degree of public presentation that is considered acceptable alining to the benchmark set by the instructors. Standards-based appraisal and rating is meant to place pupils with different gait and capablenesss in acquisition, so that we can plan schemes to assist them and do all of them achieve and maestro to the degree that they are required to retain certain benchmark in acquisition. Understanding ‘Standardized Test ‘ and its features is necessary when we discuss about appraisal and rating from the position of criterion as it is one of the instrument required in standard appraisal and rating procedure. Range of cognition and apprehension in specific topic is being assessed through standardised testing on pupils. And it is a snapshot in clip where appraisals are administered and scored in the same manner for all pupils. For illustration, multiple-choice inquiries and written responses to be answered within a given clip frame are illustrations of standard trial. That means pupils are non allowed to utilize outer resources or mentions in order to finish the trial. Their public presentation on these trials decides whether they will be promoted or non from one class to the following. And this is what about every school territory now administers it. However, it is of import for us non to acquire confused of Standardized trials with the criterions motion, which approve definite grade-level content and public presentation criterions in chief topic sphere. Frequently, regulated unvarying trials are non associated with province and territory content criterions, and these causes perceptibly lose of connexion between what is being taught and what is being tested. So as a instructor we have to treat our learning harmonizing to the course of study. The standard rating will enable other school betterment program and undertakings, and to convey progress alterations in course of study and teaching method, and incorporation of new appraisals. So standardised appraisal and rating is uniformly regulated trial which it refers to when every pupil at a peculiar class degree has to undergo the same trial with same inquiry, at same clip frame in same twelvemonth throughout the state. In the nutshell, we would happen that the descriptions given in above paragraphs are all positions from different positions constructed by speculating the both particular needs pupils and normal pupil as an active in structuring their ain acquisition in the context of societal interaction ; function of educational establishments and instructors in set uping the kid ‘s phase of development in any facet of acquisition, and that information collected through assorted appraisal and rating methods will so be used to ‘scaffold ‘ the following acquisition and course of study development. How to cite Formal And Informal Assessment And Evaluation Education Essay, Essay examples

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essays (416 words) -

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an illness that traps people in endless cycles of repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions). Although we all have habits and routines that help us organize our daily lives, people with OCD develop patterns of behavior that take up too much time and interfere with their daily lives. Obsessions are unwanted and intrusive ideas, images and impulses that run through the person's mind over and over again. Sometimes these thoughts come only once in a while and are only mildly annoying, but at other times the thoughts come constantly and cause great distress. A compulsion is a behavior that is performed on purpose in response to an obsession. People perform these compulsive behaviors according to "rules" they make up themselves to try to control the nervous feelings that come along with the obsessive thoughts. Sometimes compulsive behaviors are called rituals. For example, a person may have a profound fear of germs and spend hours washing his or her hands after using a public toilet. Rituals like this do make the nervous feelings go away, but usually only for a short while. Then fear and discomfort return, and the person repeats the routine all over again. Most people with OCD know that their obsessions and compulsions are ridiculous and make no sense, but they can't ignore them. Most people with OCD experience common obsessions such as: fear of dirt, germs, or contamination, fear of harming a family member or friend, concern with order, symmetry (balance) and exactness, worry that a task has been done poorly, even when the person knows this is not true. Also fear of thinking evil or sinful thoughts, and A constant need for reassurance are common obsessions. What Causes OCD? OCD may be connected with an imbalance in a brain chemical called serotonin. Serotonin serves as a "bridge" in sending nerve impulses from one nerve cell to the next, and in regulating repetitive behaviors. The great improvement that people have when they take certain medicines makes this idea more believable. How can OCD be treated? Behavioral therapy can be used to lessen unwanted compulsions. First, people are exposed to the situations that produce obsessions and anxiety, and then they are encouraged to resist performing the rituals that usually help control the anxiety. Over time and with practice, OCD symptoms gradually go away. The person with OCD must really want to use this method, though, to be able to tolerate the high levels of anxiety that result. Finally, family therapy is a way to educate the relatives of a person with OCD about their part in the recovery process, and how to deal with their own feelings of frustration and unhappiness.

Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic The WritePass Journal

Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic Research Proposal on Trading in Gum Arabic BACKGROUND Before the discovery of oil in 1956, the Nigerian economy was primarily agrarian with 97% of exports consisting of agricultural produce like cocoa, rubber, cotton just to mention a few, but sad to say that a shift in focus to oil has led to a decline in the production and exports of these produce which presently constitutes just 26.8% of GDP. With the growing need for a sustainable development of the Nigerian economy, there has arisen a need to shift spotlight away from oil and concentrate on other income generating sectors of the economy that can help the foreign exchange position of the country. From 1981, there was a policy shift towards export promotion and a move to intensify the use of local raw material in industrial production. However the increase in the value of imports led to a worsening of the balance of payments (with, in addition, the backdrop of the collapse in world oil prices), which forced the government to promulgate the economic stabilization (Temporary Provisions ) act in April 1982[Inye, 2007]. However, some   incentives have been put together to encourage investment in agriculture, some of which are; Finance credit Tax Holdings, Reduced Customs Charges on Imported Inputs, Technical Support through Research Institutions, Export Financing and Guarantee, Agricultural Insurance Scheme, as Export Processing Zones (EPZs), Export Processing factories (EPFs), Export Processing villages (EPVs) and Extension Services. But most diversification initiatives had not made much headway until recently; they were mainly hampered by poor administration and ineffective trade policy strategy while some are still in their early stages so their impact is yet to be significant. In 2003, a lot of funds was injected into the presidential initiatives on cassava which was introduced to mobilize Nigerians to fully and profitably tap the potentials of cassava which hitherto had remained largely unharnessed, its strategy was to boost the production of cassava for both domestic consumption and for expo rt, this development led to an increase in the production and export of ethanol. Presently,Nigeriaranks as the largest cassava producer in the world with estimated annual production of about 40million metric tons, of which about 90% is consumed as food [Yisa 2009] In Nigeria, agriculture engages majority of the poor so the improvements in the sector is paramount to income generation, welfare enhancement, poverty alleviation, food stabilization and industrialization.   With so many resources left unharnessed like; bitumen, cocoa, cassava cocoa, palm oil, yams, cassava, sorghum, millet, corn, rice, livestock, groundnuts, cotton, Gum Arabic.   A boost in the supply side of these agricultural produce will invariably increase the country’s foreign exchange position, create employment opportunities and reduce overdependence on oil. This paper focuses on one of these unharnessed resources that have the potential of serving as a good source of foreign exchange, Gum Arabic. Gum Arabic is an organic adhesive produced from a tree called Acacia Senegal it is a natural gum that exudes from the exterior of Acacia trees in the form of dry, hard nodules, with over 1,100 Acacia species worldwide, it produces a natural gum made of hardened sap mostly taken from three species of the acacia tree; Acacia senegal (Grade 1) which is the highest grade, Acacia seyal (Grade 2) and Combretum. In Nigeria, the major Acacia utilized for commercial Gum Arabic production are Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal. The produce is used as a thickener, suspender, emulsifier, stabilizer, flavor carrier, binder and encapsulating material, so it is therefore needed in industries such as the textile, food, beverage, dairy and ice cream, cosmetic, confectionary   and pharmaceutical,   thereby making the market for it quite robust. The gum has binding or adhesive properties and as such is used as a good emulsifying agent.   In food products, it serves as a stabilizer, emulsifier, and b inding agent for chewing gums, ice cream and jams. In pharmaceuticals, the gum is a binder in lozenges, tablets, pills, throat pastilles and cough drops. In textile industry, it is used for fabric stiffening and as a binder for textile printing gums. In miscellaneous industries it is used in producing ink, water colors, paints, carbon papers, pottery glace; it is also used in the plastic industry. In confectionery industry it is used for, hard gums, soft gum and gum pastilles. The Gum Arabic tree is usually ready for tapping 4-7 years after its establishment, tapping can then continue every year for at least ten to twelve years then they are finally coppiced for fire-wood and charcoal when the trees are about 15 years old. The tree’s extensive rooting system protects the land and has high potentials of improving soil fertility through inter-cropping with arable crops and its pods are valuable sources of livestock feeds.   Due to the ability of the tree to withstand adverse environmental conditions, is now seen as a potent weapon in the continued fight against desertification and environmental degradation in the Sahelian belt of the country, Edward (1992) stated that   it can be planted as a windbrake or shelterbelt to reduce soil erosion and desertification, as the tree can exist under extreme climatic conditions, it is easily tolerant of an annual average rainfall of less than 300mm and of substantial rainfall and temperature variations over wi de stretching of the northern sudanian – sahelian zone the presence of a Gum Arabic ‘belt’ helps to ‘hold back’ desertification. Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) is grown in the Sahelian zone of the country, covering 14 States of the Federation namely Borno, Yobe, Jigawa, Bauchi, Gombe, Taraba, Plateau, Adamawa, Sokoto, Kebbi, Katsina, Zamfara, Nasarawa and Niger with an estimated population of 4 million Nigerians engaged in its cultivation and trade. From available data Africa produces about 98% of the world requirement of gum Arabic,Nigeria is the 2nd largest producer of the crop in the world afterSudan with an average production of 20,000 metric tonnes of all grades of Gum Arabic.   In the year 2004, world production of Gum Arabic was put at 70,000 metric tonnes while Nigerias production amounted to 18,935 metric tonnes with export earnings of US$88.08 million selling the raw form of the product, In 2008 alone Nigeria exported a total of 20,000 metric tons of Gum Arabic estimated at US$43.55m (N6.5325 bill) [commodity network, 2008, cited in, Aghughu and Mokwunye 2010], buyers included USA, Portugal, Holland, India, Japan, UK, France, Germany, Spain, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Italy, and China.   In Anaekwe’s (2010) opinion, the country’s current production of about 20,000 MT is low compared to its potential and it stands to gain US$5.00 for every one kilogramme of processed Gum Arabic. While the Gum Arabic provides a good source of foreign exchange for the nation because of its high international demand, it is generally believe that Nigeria is not fully taking advantage of the large land available for the cultivation of the product, having little from the producing trees and at such, perhaps the most neglected area is in the area of processing, most of the product are harvested and sold as a raw instead of adding value to the product before sale. Industries are frustrated because of inadequacies in infrastructure (notably roads, transport logistics and the ports system) have consistently raised the cost of doing business. Critical among them is the serious deficiency in the supply of electricity which persistently defies solutions. A study on the cost of infrastructure failure inNigeriahas indicated that responders had ranked power outages and voltage fluctuations as among the major obstacles to their operations. The huge cost of production means thatNigeriaâ€℠¢s manufactured goods do not have the desired competitive edge in the international markets [Inye 2007]. According to [Xinshe, Paul, 2007] Low productivity, high transportation, marketing costs, various formal and informal trade barriers (both physical and institutional) and inconsistencies in trade and agriculture policies all contribute to the lack of market competitiveness. In other to resolve some of these challenges, the Gum Arabic Sector Development Program was initiated with the main objectives of, ensuring a reliable and sustained supply of quality gum arabic fromNigeria to theU.S., strengthen the ability of Nigerian stakeholders to produce and market quality gum arabic, and plant more trees in order to control environmental degradation. Presently only little has been achieved. Apart from these national problems, farmers are also faced with certain challenges. In the early 1970s the supply of Gum Arabic was threatened by the following fact; frequent clashes between farmers during gum collection in Acacia field due to lack of ownership of the wild grooves and rapid depletion of the natural forest due to activities of the natives who cut down the Acacia Senegal and Acacia Seyal tries for fuel wood , tool handles and agric implements as well as fodder and browse for livestock [Mokwunye and Aghughu 2010], presently, the   few   farmers involved in production, face greater   problem as regards   finance. The limited access to finance available is known to be hindered by high interest rates and collateral requirements. Long term access to finance is scant and so it is only the large multinational firms that are likely to receive loans, while the small-scale entrepreneurs are marginalized [Inye 2007]. Hence, because of these constraints, the total perceive d benefits from A Senegal are therefore carefully weighed by the farmer against the expected returning and benefits from cash cropping, food cropping and often from livestock raising and off-form employment, farmers expect that the relative profitability of gum to other crops should ensure sufficient incentives for them to include gum in their farming systems where it is appropriate [Edward 1992]. It is anticipated presently that the use of intercropping of immature Gum Arabic plantation with Arabic crops is recommended for effective utilization of land resources and it’s expected to motivate farmers to adopt Gum Arabic innovations [Dengle et al   2008] At this stage of development, formal training by trained trainers has not been conducted, but an impressive amount of informal training has been done. Newly established National Association of Gum Arabic Producers, Processors and Exporters of Nigeria (NAGAPPEN) chapters in each state have been the vehicle through which informal training has been conducted. Encouraging farmers to plant Gum Arabic in organized plantations and educating them would enhance the efficiency of farmers [Dengle et al 2008]. The stage is now set for the healthy growth of Nigeria’s gum Arabic sector but the deserved attention is still yet to be given by the government in terms of huge financial support and incentives to boost the supply side and there is need for promotion and awareness, as most stakeholders and potential investors are still oblivious of the huge potentials in the product.   Recently there has been a call for new investors to invest in the technology transforming gum Arabic into powder , According to Business world (2010) the project operating at the estimated installed capacity is capable of producing 3000 tons of gum Arabic powder per annum, assuming conservative export price of $10,000per ton and the local sales prices of N150,000 per ton, annual turnover of N2.8billion can be recorded with export volume of 2000 metric tons of refined Gum Arabic powder. A Strong positive profit figure after tax can be generated and a high internal rate of return due to the foreign exchange rate component of the export product is achievable. A three year estimated payback period for the project is guaranteed. To sustain the supply of Gum Arabic to both local and international markets, efforts are being made to establish a Gum Arabic Security Stock in the three leading producing countries (Sudan,NigeriaandChad) with the support of the GAO, Network for Natural Gums and Resins in Africa (NGARA) and Association of International Producers of Gum Arabic (AIPG). This will lead to rapid development of natural gum as a national resource for fighting poverty, desertification and environmental degradation. The National strategy for Gum Arabic is to encourage local value addition through increased local processing in order to attract better returns on investments. Thus, apart from providing more income, local processing creates job opportunities thereby empowering our people, Usman [2009] suggests that for greater benefit to enhance export there is need for Public- private partnership, he says that strategies such as establishment of an effective trade facilitation system, organization of regular cap acity programmes, establishment of skills acquisition centers, storage facilities and agricultural trade support infrastructure, are key. Ongoing policy reform and substantial investment in production agriculture and supporting infrastructure are shifting the location of production and exports of agricultural commodities, particularly for bulk agriculture products, away from the developed countries and towards the developing world. As a consequence strong competition is expected to be a feature of international agriculture markets not only from traditional exports but also from the developing and transition country exporters that are exploiting their comparative advantage in agricultural production [OECD-FAO 2006].Nigeriatherefore needs to take advantage of its abundant natural resource cum market availability and prepare for the buoyant production of Gum Arabic.    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES In view of diversifying the Nigerian economy and reducing the high rate of unemployment, this research intends to provide comprehensive information that will guide investment decisions in the Gum Arabic sub sector by taking a thorough look into the potential of investing in Gum Arabic, the opportunities and profitability both in raw and refined form. It also intends to suggest strategies to help boost the supply and demand side of the sector, ensure market efficiency and effectiveness by looking at both the domestic and international market for gum Arabic. The specific objectives are grouped under several headings namely: production, processing and equipments, transportation, products and products development, and export. The specific objectives are as follows: Identify the technical, institutional, socio-economic and policy opportunities and constraints for promoting the Gum   Arabic sub sector Assess the domestic market opportunity for Gum Arabic by-products inNigeriaand suggest how this potential could be realized. Evaluate the economics of Gum Arabic production and processing costs structures (and profitability) of value adding Gum Arabic enterprises and suggest reduction strategy Determine optimal locations of processing plants based on identical markets for various Gum Arabic products. Provide information on marketing cost structure from rural to urban areas for Gum Arabic and its products and determine the break-even distance and volume for Gum Arabic transportation Make recommendations on how to make Gum Arabic and its products competitive within the domestic and export markets To provide insight into the employment opportunities in the Gum Arabic sub-sector. Evaluate Gum Arabic’s contribution to the growth of non-oil exports. The analysis will be in two parts the first part will follow a vertical agribusiness perspective in which we assume that the Gum Arabic sub sector is segmented into four categories where Gum Arabic is produced at the farm level by farmers, processed, and used by agro industries to produce other products and used by other industrial markets. Secondly we look at the export potentials, opportunities and it importance to the diversification of the Nigerian economy. FIRST PART OF THE ANALYSIS Production:   Provide information on the unit production cost for Gum Arabic   in the producing states inNigeria and ascertain the Gum Arabic varieties available and their actual and potential yield Processing and Equipments:   Evaluate the economics of existing Gum Arabic processing equipments and new equipments. This is in view to ascertaining the current status of processing technology and local maintenance capacity. Transportation:   Provide information on transportation costs from rural to urban areas for the movement of Gum Arabic produce. Products and Products Market: Provide information on price trends for Gum Arabic and its products.   Identify and assess the status of existing and potential industries that use or can potentially use Gum Arabic products. And also ascertain the market share and size of use of Gum Arabic as raw material in these identified industries inNigeria. Finally to identify existing and potential volumes, prices, quality standards, and delivery schedules for Gum Arabic based products used by the various industries inNigeria and overseas. SECOND PART OF THE ANALYSIS   Export: Provide information on export quality requirements, delivery schedule, shipping costs and requirements, international prices for Gum Arabic and its products.   Establish Gum Arabic’s contribution to non-oil export growth and as a means of diversifying the economy form Oil.   Finally predict and forecast potentials of the export contribution of Gum Arabic as a stable source of foreign exchange    METHODOLOGY In looking at the causes of technical inefficiencies in Gum Arabic based   cropping patterns among farmers, Dengel   et al ( 2008)   collected primary data using multi-stage, purpose and random sampling techniques, the empirical stochastic frontier production model was used and estimated using the Maximum Likelihood estimation. Edward (1992) carried out a crop profitability, financial, economic and environmental analysis to find the benefits of six representative gum Arabic production systems. This study will build on existing documents, surveys and researches, but it will focus on Gum Arabic producers, processors and traders as well as banks, input dealers and extension institutions. The study will cover all the major sectors where Gum Arabic and its products are (potentially) utilised. For the first part of the analysis, data will be collected in three stages: first wherever available, published data would be used to establish the structure, conduct and performance of Gum-Arabic sub-sector. Secondly, a rapid appraisal survey will be conducted using focused group interviews and key informants to obtain information on trading patterns, transportation facilities, processing costs and marketing systems. The third stage of the study will focus on the captains of industry that use or are potential users of Gum Arabic. This industrial survey will among other things focus on the size and volume of different Gum Arabic commodities required in the domestic market. The Heckscher-ohlin theory of international trade will be applied for the second part of the analysis by applying theOrdinary Least Squareestimation, in view to looking at the Gum Arabic and it contribution or potential contribution to non-exports. Expected Result To find out: the production cost for Gum Arabic in producing states inNigeria The availability of Gum Arabic varieties and their actual and potential yield provided. The economics of existing Gum Arabic processing equipments and new equipment evaluated.   the current status of processing technology, and local maintenance capacity inNigeria The transportation costs from rural to urban areas. The supply chain requirements and preliminary logistic framework.   Price trends for Gum Arabic and its products. The availability and current use of Gum Arabic products together with the key users as well as their supply chain structure (e.g. farmer groups, processor groups, industries etc). The existing and potential volumes, prices, quality standards, and delivery schedules for Gum Arabic-based products used by various industries inNigeriaprovided   Exports quality requirements, delivery schedule, international prices for Gum Arabic -based products, and niche markets forNigeria.   Expected rate of return on investment for investors   Predictions and   forecast on the long term viability on exporting Gum Arabic in terms of foreign exchange earnings to the country. Its potential in terms of contribution to non-oil exports Employment opportunities through development of the sub-sector. Suggest policies for the development of the sub-sector. The study will interest a wide range of readers including Gum Arabic producers, policy-makers, donors and banks, scientists and technicians, non-governmental organizations and the private sector. SOME ANTICIPATED CHALLENGES Differences in state pricing and techniques may require adjustment of data. Inability of get documented information on some requirements might lead to reliance on word of mouth. REFERENCES Abdulsalam Usman K., 2009. Evaluation ofNigeria’s benefits from the African growth and opportunity act (AGOA) Adebiyi D., Ehui S., Ukeje E. and Mclntire J. Agricultural export potentials inNigeria. Adel Beshai A., 1984. The economics of a primary commodity: Gum Arabic. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and statistics, 46(4), pp.371-81, Aghughu O.and Mokwunye M.U.B 2010. Restoring Nigeria’s lead in Gum Arabic production: Prospects and challenges. Report and opinion 2(4) 7-13 Anaekwe Everistus N., 2010.   Processing gum arabic for huge profit in Nigeria.   http://farriconsultingng.blogspot.com/2010/09/processing-gum-arabic-for-huge-profit.html Business World, 2010. Earn foreign exchange processing Gum Arabic. Dengle Y.G, Wuranti V., Abubakar M. and Ogwuche P. 2008. Analysis of the technical inefficiency of gum Arabic based cropping patterns among farmers in the gum Arabic belt of Nigeria. Journal of agriculture and social science Edordu C.C, Oramah B.O and Osuntogun A. 1997.   Potentials for diversifying Nigeria’s non-oil exports to non-traditional markets. AERC Research Paper 68 Edward Barbier 1992. Rehabilitating Gum Arabic systems in Sudan: economic and environmental implications. Environmental and resources economics 2: 341-58 Inye Nathan Briggs 2007.Nigeria: mainstreaming trade policy into national development strategies Lelom, J. et al., 2010.   Assessment of physical properties of gum Arabic from acaciaSenegalvarieties in Baringo district,Kenya. Kolawole O. and Henry O. Foreign direct investment, non-oil exports and economic growth inNigeria, a causality analysis. Yisa A. A. 2009.   Cassava markets: option for sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria. Ozean Journal of applied science 2(2) OECD-FAO, 2006.   Agricultural outlook 2006-2015. Production of gum Arabic, extension bulletin number 78 forestry series no 11 Market News service (MNS) quarterly edition Sep 2008 Gum Arabic Rosemary O. Nigeria’s non-oil export product mix and the competitive global market place. Sonja V. and Lorenzo C. 2010. Making the most of agricultural investment: a survey of business models that provide opportunities for small holders. Truman P., Daphne S., Lateef S. and Malachy O. 2004. A cassava industrial revolution in Nigeria. IFAD. Xinshen D., Dorosh P., Sheikh M.R 2007. Market opportunities for African agriculture: General equilibrium examination of demand-side constraints on agricultural growth in east and southernAfrica.

Your Complete Guide to Understanding Body Language at Work

Your Complete Guide to Understanding Body Language at Work Do you have a good sense of how you come across at work to your bosses and coworkers? Sure, you might feel like you’re on top of things: you now your tasks and accomplish them well. But never underestimate the ability of your body to give off clues that you’re not as professional as you feel. You may talk a good game, but are your words being undermined by your posture? A weak-ish handshake? Nervous tics that you, umm, barely even notice? Taking control of your body language is a major part of your career, whether it’s in a job interview or your everyday work self.Here we’ve put together the best resources for understanding body language so that you can communicate the best version of yourself.What Can Strong Body Language Do for You?It may not be a skill you can list on your resume, but strong body language is something that can boost your confidence, and help you know that you’re presenting your best self. It’s a sneaky skill set that can m ake you more attuned to your surroundings, and navigate those surroundings more easily. Read on to find out how little tweaks can really make you shine:20 Extremely Easy Ways to Building Confidence at WorkOf course you only get one chance to make a first impression, but are you aware the impression starts before you even start talking? Strong body language can shine you in a positive light from your first â€Å"hello†:What Does Your Handshake Say About You?And it’s not just your body language that matters. In order to progress in the working world, you need to learn how to read cues your bosses and coworkers give off. Interpreting  others’ body language can help you diagnose problems at work and adjust your behavior in a way that’s ideal for you and your job:21 Subtle Signs Your Coworkers Hate You22 Signs Your Boss Hates YouBeing aware of what you and your coworkers are saying behind your words is a great skill to have as you navigate your career.Job In terview Body LanguageYour first chance to make a great in-person impression is in your interview. When you’re prepping your resume and your skill-supporting anecdotes, don’t forget to make sure you’re giving just as much prep time to your body language, as well. Bad body language can cost you dearly:11 Body Language Mistakes You’re Making in Your Interview21 Unprofessional Habits That Will Keep You From Getting The Job5 Reasons You Just Had a Really Bad InterviewKeep control of your nerves, study yourself in the mirror, and practice, practice, practice. Anticipate those things that will make you nervous, and give yourself a pep talk about what you will do if they come up in your interview.So how do you prepare? We can’t say it enough- like getting to Carnegie Hall, it really just involves a lot of practice. It can feel tempting to skip through it and figure you’ll just take a deep breath and relax. Really, though, body language is a skill yo u need to work on as much as answering, â€Å"So tell me about yourself.†These articles can help you target your interview prep so you’re working on all the right moves:7 Body Language Tricks For Nailing Your Job InterviewWhat to Do With Your Hands During a Job InterviewHow to Effectively Prepare for a Second Interview5 Tips to Prepare for a Job InterviewYour 3 Step Cheat Sheet on How to Get a Job7 Interview Secrets for IntrovertsBody Language for Getting Ahead at WorkOnce you’ve got the job, that doesn’t mean you can let that handshake lapse, or stop paying attention to your body language while you interact with coworkers. Rather, it’s time to shift into a more aspirational body language, and figure out how to present your best self every day, not just on special/formal occasions.If you want to be taken seriously, you need take the professionalism that might already exist in your emails, your work, and your phone manner, and extend it to your in-p erson skills. Take assessment of yourself, and then use the following information to grow and improve:Is Your Body Language Professional?21 Body Language Tips for the WorkplaceHow to Get Ahead with Body Language [Infographic]10 Body Language Tips for Success10 Simple Body Language Techniques for Career SuccessFinally, for those of you who work internationally, study up! Make sure you have the basics of pleasantries memorized so you a) don’t embarrass yourself and b) present yourself respectfully and professionally:How People Shake Hands Around the WorldWhile your skills, experience, and resume are essential parts of your professional self, be sure not to neglect your physical body language. Good eye contact and a firm handshake can be a solid entry through the door, and confident behavior just may be the key to that promotion or raise you’re seeking.

Practical Synthesis of Useful Substances Using Organocatalysts Research Paper

Practical Synthesis of Useful Substances Using Organocatalysts - Research Paper Example This makes it a more efficient process, which uses fewer chemicals in the synthesis process, making it by a far greener and less toxic process. II. Background A. The concept of organocatalysis Acceleration of chemical processes through addition of substoichiometric quantity of organic compound refers to organocatalysis. In the last few years, interest in this field has increased because of selectivity and efficiency of many organocatalytic reactions, which have met standards of the required organic reactions. Observably, organocatalytic reactions are becoming popular in constructions of complex molecules. This recent development is because the process is less toxic compared to metallic catalysts. Predominant molecules used in the organocatalytic reaction are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous (McMurry, 2009). Organocatalysts usually display secondary characteristics, which would lead to enamine catalysis or iminium catalysis. The mechanism involved is covalent organo catalysis. High catalysts loading apply in covalent binding of substrates while non-covalent bonding requires low substrate loading. Knoevenagel Condensation applies regular achiral organocatalysts, which uses nitrogen as its basis. The current focus of organocatalysis is asymmetric organocatalysis, which involves the use of chiral catalysts. Scientific reactions indicate asymmetric catalysis occurs when organocatalyst is chiral as observed in aldol reactions (McMurry, 2009). Organocatalysts have the following advantages they are less sensitive to moisture or oxygen, readily available, less toxic, and inexpensive (Berkessel, 2006). These advantages make organocatalysts preferable in pharmaceutical processes. During the chemical reactions toxin produced usually influence usage of certain chemical process. Notably, organocatalysis has less impact to the environment. The condition for the reaction is relatively mild thus making organocatalysts preferable over metal catalysts. The follo wing example illustrating Knoevenagel Condensation indicates that Piperdine forms iminium ion, which is reactive with carbonyl compound. Fig 1: Retrieved from http://www.organic-chemistry.org/topics/organocatalysis.shtm B. Definition of terms Catalyst is a chemical substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction but does not change its chemical composition at the end of the chemical process. Organocatalyst are catalysts, which contain organic compounds. Enamine catalysts refers to a compound that forms when ketone or aldehyde react with secondary amine resulting into a loss of Water. Imine is a compound that contains carbon hydrogen double bond. Covalent bonding refers to a chemical bonding process where atoms share electrons. Covalent bonding occurs between non-metallic atoms. Chiral is a term used to describe a molecule that does not fit on its mirror image (Reetz & Joroch, 2008). Achiral refers to molecules that are identical or fit into their mirror image. Asymmetric or ganocatalysis refers to organic synthesis, which leads to introduction of desired element of chirality (Berkessel, 2006). This technology applies in pharmaceuticals since different enantiomers of molecule contain different biological components. Aldol reaction refers to a method that leads to formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Knoevenagel Condensation this refers to carbon acid compound condensation using aldehydes to produce unsaturated ? and ? compounds (Berkessel, 2006).

Homesite Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homesite Report - Research Paper Example e oceans; the destruction they leave in their wake is devastating as was witnessed during the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 where 230000 people lost their lives and property worth billions of dollars lost and the Japanese tsunami that led to the destruction of nuclear power plants leading to loss of lives and severe environmental degradation (Nanto 15)  Ã‚  Additionally, active volcanoes pose a major threat to those who live near them, since the possibility of property being buried under volcanic ash is always real. Wildfires are a major threat since once they start, they are difficult to contain and they have often led to major losses as witnessed in the Greek forest fires in 2009 (Amiridis et al. 6)  The other natural disaster that is likely to affect residents adversely is drought, which reduces the value of property and increases the cost of living. To make the right decision about where to settle, one has to look at the likelihood of any of these happening.  Having consider ed all these factors, three cities were found to be the most suitable.  Ã‚   The 2012 United Nations world risk report listed Qatar as the safest country from natural disasters, out of 173 countries worldwide (ADW 4)  Doha is the capital city of Qatar, which is in the Middle East. The country is located in a geologic setting, which makes it less susceptible to earthquakes. It’s tectonically gentle and the country, being one of the biggest oil and gas producers in the world, has the financial muscle which it has used to install six earthquake sensors that further reduces the possibility of residents being caught unawares (USGS) Being in the desert and receiving very little rain throughout the year, the risk of flooding and landslides in Doha is virtually nonexistent. Due to its geologic setting, the country is also not susceptible to tsunamis. The vegetation in Qatar is quite sparse thus making it rather difficult to sustain wildfires. The country does not have active volcanoes, thus

Land Ethics Essay -- essays research papers fc

Land Ethics in Our Communities   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While wading through the reserved reading in the library, I came across the article, â€Å"The Land Ethic†, which caught my eye, as well as sparked an interest deep within me. It revealed the idea that we, as humans, tend to be quite caught up in the idea of community; community between neighbors, co-workers, etc. seems to be something we strive for in our society. It seems that we have not integrated the land into our idea of community, and I feel that this is a serious problem that if not treated, will continue to grow and strive until the land turns into the â€Å"dead nothing† many people of today’s society feel it to be. I had been put face to face with the fact that I was one of those careless and self-involved members of our race. Having never thought of the concept of â€Å"land ethics†, I realized that it is very likely that many other people have yet to know of it either. This is a present conservation problem which worries me more than I have ever thought a simple article could be able to do to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the author of this revelation piece, Aldo Leopold (1966), stated in his article, that we need to change our â€Å"human role from conqueror, to a member of the land community†(p.). This is vital for the future existence of an Earth that is habitable and non-toxic. Many people claim that they have ethics in their work place, or in general life practices. I have yet, however, had the pleasure...

Women’s Prisons / Correctional Facilities

History regarding the matters of incarcerated women has dictated that there is such inequality with regards to sexual preferences in the criminal justice system. Even prior to 1870, the society has enacted upon an unforgiving outlook regarding nonconforming women. Crowded in unsanitary, small and terribly ventilated rooms in men's institutions, incarcerated women were horribly abused by male guards and by the whole system of the place itself. Through the years, the call for improving this system has been heard and acted upon by the government. Today, almost every state in the country has erected their own penal institutions for women which are also administered upon by staffs and officials in which the majority are women. However, even if improvements regarding these implementations have been accomplished by the government, there is still a clamor regarding indifferences with men's and women's equality in correctional facilities. LESS CONCERN FOR WOMEN'S PRISON/CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES Due to the dominance of men with regards to the number of incarcerated population than women, more studies are provided for men than for women. Due to this, there have been many unrecognized concerns regarding women and their system of incarceration. Back in 1993, there was a conference that tackled this matter regarding incarceration of women and they found out many conclusions that resulted from a detailed look at the matter. â€Å"Officials of the National Association of Women Judges, which gathered here last weekend for its 15th annual conference, cite a number of court-ordered studies that taken together portray a kind of built-in bias against female convicts in criminal- justice and corrections systems around the country. (Hinds, 1993). They found out results that the number of female population has tripled in number over the past decade that there is a need for more focus regarding the number of jails and prisons and also improving the system as well. They also found out that states have lesser number of alternative prisons for female offenders who are nonviolent, compared to male nonviolent offenders. Findings were also tracked regarding the matter that women tend to have a longer serving time than women due to the fact that they are placed in less crowded facilities than men. Another point that drew concern was that most states only have so few prisons that most women are moved far away from their homes making it harder for their families to visit. Another matter is that prisons for women provide lesser job-training programs. Vocational training is also very limited leaving female inmates to choose between few options such as clerical work or homemaking. Adding up to these, studies also showed that women are not adequately taken cared of health-wise. There are only few states that offer obstetrics and gynecology. Hinds, 1993). CONCLUSION Inequity towards incarcerated women can be pinpointed out one by one with the help of critical analysis and comprehensive study. But with lack of interest regarding this subject matter, the concern for a study of women and their incarceration system has become bleak and overshadowed by the huge concern for men. Though both genders commit criminal offenses whether minor or major, there must still be equal considerations or specific characterization with regards to the system. There can be many examples of this dark side of the criminal justice system, for instance, many structures for incarcerated people are all planned and based on the men's point of view. The health care system, the pregnancy considerations, the design of the structure relating to women, and other female concerns are less addressed. There is a need for further studies of this matter to achieve equal considerations.

Comparison Between Different Enterprise Architecture...

4.1 Comparison of Different Enterprise Architecture Frameworks A number of EA frameworks exist in the industry with the goal of addressing the basic challenge of assessing, aligning, and organizing business objectives with technical requirements and strategies. Examples include the Zachman Enterprise Framework, The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA), and The Gartner Methodology (formerly the Meta Framework). Each framework possesses different strengths and weaknesses, which makes it difficult to find any one existing framework that is ideal for all situations. The following chart depicts how four Enterprise Architecture Frameworks compare. 4.2 How to Solve the Problem? To touch lightly on value, there are multiple levels of value and it is one of the most difficult things to measure as it contains both quantitative and qualitative aspects. But for an EA practice the following should be considered: †¢ Cost Avoidance - How do we avoid unnecessary costs? †¢ Cost Reduction - How do we reduce our current spend? †¢ Quality - How do we improve the quality of our information? †¢ Risk Containment - How to we control and reduce organisational risks? †¢ Stakeholder Value - How do we improve our value to our stakeholders? †¢ Resource Allocations - How do we improve the view of demand for our services? †¢ Productivity - How do we increase our productivity and efficiency? †¢ Collaboration - How do we improve our engagementShow MoreRelatedEnterprise Architecture Framework Maps All Of The Software Development Process Within The Enterprise1395 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Enterprise architecture framework maps all of the software development process within the enterprise and how they relate and interact to fulfill the enterprises mission.†[1] Frameworks are conceptually created to eliminate conflicts in the development phase. 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